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Rhetorical video is one of the methods used to present  information and arguments to the target viewer, with evidence  to support that argument. This method helps them to  understand the content of the information or to pass a certain  convincing argument that viewers gain based on a subject  conveyed in the rhetorical video [1].  According to Jung et al. [2], it has been clarified that the  viewer is dependent on the suitability and characteristics [10],  
[19]. The diversity of the viewer’s backgrounds and  characteristics will determine the understanding of differences  and acceptance of a subject through the rhetorical video [4].  However, understanding their differences and acceptances  need some observation in order to determine and identify  viewer’s behaviors and practices based on rhetorical video.  II. NON-NARRATIVE FORM  Such form requires understanding patterns in the way of  storytelling, through spectacle; the viewer needs to know what  happens in the video, why it happened and how the video  objectives are achieved [21].                                     Fig. 1. General structure of a film system    This involves the viewer’s understanding based on  dramatic incident and editorial relationship. Most researcher  does not emphasize this aspect; understanding in the way of  storytelling, to convey mood and emotion for the entire video  
[2], [3].  A. Rhetorical Video  It is difficult for the viewer to make a conclusion on the video  according to its dramatic incident or sequential incident. These   978-1-4799-1092-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE elements are essential and should have in every video.  Therefore, understanding the audience is essential to translate  rhetoric as it is. The video is reviewing by every aspects of the  relationship, between editorial and through a merger in the  editing phase [2].   Rhetorical video presents a persuasive argument and lays  out evidence to support it. It tries to convince the viewer of  practical consequences and trying to move them to a new  intellectual conviction, emotional attitude or action.  Furthermore, the subject matter of the video will not be an  issue of scientific truth but a matter of opinion, toward which  a person may take a number of equally plausible attitudes [1].  There are 5 main types of arguments; relating to the source, to  the subject and to the viewer:  ? Is it trying to make a convincing argument?  ? If the video is rhetorical, what is the argument being  made?  ? What pieces of evidence are given, and how  convincing are they?  ? How does the video itself make it seem authoritative  and reliable?  ? How do the parts move toward the conclusion that the  viewer is able to arrive at?  III. BEHAVIORS AND PRACTICES  Bordwell et al. [1] has stated that a film or video as a form of  a system, by defining it as a group of interacting, interrelated  or interdependent elements forming a complex whole. Each  and every scene in the system is interrelated with each other to  provide information and make it understandable. The diversity  of the viewer's backgrounds and characteristics will determine the  understanding of differences and acceptance of a subject through  the rhetorical video [4].                                  Fig. 2. Conceptual framework to determine viewer’s understanding  through rhetorical video.    Viewer's understanding can be determined through the  video that is being presented to them, as shown Fig. 2. their  reasoning and feedback is important to the researcher to  understand viewer's acceptance. Therefore, facial expression is  important as it can communicate varied personal information  including subjective emotion, communicative intent and  cognitive appraisal (e.g., [10]-[12], [14]).  A. Facial Expressions  According to Ekman et al. [14], there are six basic facial  expressions that have been recognized universally.                                          Fig. 2. Basic facial expression phenotypes. 1, disgust; 2, fear; 3, joy; 4,  surprise; 5, sadness; 6, anger.    These basic facial expressions are also coordinated,  stereotyped nonverbally that include stereotyped facial  expression components such as eyebrow response, yarning,  startle; related to it (e.g., [10]-[12], [14]).                             Table 1. Type of expressions and its key codes (shortcut keyboard) to be  observed.  Therefore, these facial expressions, as shown in Table 1,  are observed since it displays typically combine both facial  and postural or gestural elements and widely found in  distributed populations without cultural specificity [14].   IV. OBSERVATIONS  Observations were conducted on 14 viewers, whose all of  them are widely exposed to the various type of videos. They  are randomly selected, aged 23 to 30 years. Rhetorical video is  used as an observation’s domain, with duration 321.84 s (5.36  minutes).   Based on preliminary test via interviews conducted, the  result shows that, 78.6% did not know that the video has four  types, which are, the abstract, associational, categorical and  rhetorical video.                            Fig. 3. Viewer’s facial expression coded by The Observer XT.    Viewer’s facial expression is recorded while they are  watching the video and then it will be coded by using The  Observer XT to be analyzed, as shown in Fig. 3.   The software is used as a tool that helps to manage and  analyze the observational data. This tool is chosen because it  is suitable for observing the behaviors and practices of each  person, whether in the form of verbal or non-verbal [16]. This  observation is important to analyze the behaviors and practices  involved and lead to a systematic analysis such as the  frequency and duration of behaviors.  V. FINDINGS  The analysis is performed on the viewer with the highest  facial expression versus the viewer with the lowest facial  expression.                                                          Fig. 3. Numbers of Expressions (no reaction, forehead wrinkles, eyebrow  response, smile, laugh) vs. Time (in second).    According to the graph, Viewer 12 expressed the highest  facial expression, 41, while Viewer 4, 29. It shows that the  Viewer 12 respond to the narrative of the video higher than  Viewer 4 and engaged to it.   It takes approximately 56.75s - 77.29s for both of the  viewers to respond and express their facial. During the first  respond, both of the viewers expressing different facial  expressions; smile for the Viewer 12, eyebrow response for  the Viewer 4. There is an intercept on the graph, for example,  at 121.69s to 124.79s, both of the viewers expressing an  eyebrow response. It suggests that the video watched by both  of them has a narrative that gives an impact to their emotion.   Interesting narrative is needed to help the viewers to  understand the content of the video. For example, Viewer 4  expressed less facial expression and this is related to his  character and individual background. He categorizes as a non- Malaysian and it gives an effect to his understanding of the  video. The video that has been played categorize as a  rhetorical video, using English as a language, and it has  Malaysia characteristic and culture. Although this video has an  English subtitles, but a cultural differences has become a  conflict and it gives difficulty for him to cope with the  narrative.  VI. CONCLUSION  Facial expression gives an idea to the researcher in order to  determine viewer’s understanding, especially for the rhetorical  video. Viewer’s understanding is needed to determine and to  categorize the type of video, based on the reasoning and  feedback from the viewers. The diversity of the viewer's  backgrounds and characteristics will determine the  understanding of differences and acceptance of a subject  through the rhetorical video. This study will help to create a  rhetorical video based on viewer’s reasoning and feedback.  Furthermore, rhetorical video requires a higher level of  viewer’s understanding and it categorized as a heavy video  content.   
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